Intel Core i3 4170 's Advantages
Lower TDP (54W vs 125W)
Intel Core i5 12600K 's Advantages
Released 6 years and 7 months late
Higher specification of memory (4800 vs 1600)
Larger memory bandwidth (76.8GB/s vs 25.6GB/s)
Newer PCIe version (5.0 vs 3.0)
Larger L3 cache size (20MB vs 3MB)
More modern manufacturing process (10nm vs 22nm)