Intel Core i5 8400 's Advantages
Integrated graphics card
Higher base frequency (2.8GHz vs 2.4GHz)
Intel Core i9 12900 's Advantages
Released 4 years and 3 months late
Higher specification of memory (4800 vs 2666)
Larger memory bandwidth (76.8GB/s vs 41.6GB/s)
Newer PCIe version (5 vs 3.0)
Larger L3 cache size (30MB vs 9MB)
More modern manufacturing process (10nm vs 14nm)